Biology Blogs For Class 11th, 12th & NEET

                                    DNA Fingerprinting Good day, biology enthusiasts! In this blog, we're diving into one of the most groundbreaking advancements in forensic science — DNA Fingerprinting . But before we explore its application, let’s understand what it actually means. What is DNA Fingerprinting? DNA Fingerprinting is a technique used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA profile. Interestingly, about 99.9% of the DNA in every human being is identical . However, it's the remaining 0.1% that makes every individual genetically unique. This uniqueness is determined by sequences called VNTRs – Variable Number of Tandem Repeats . VNTRs are short sequences of DNA that repeat multiple times in a row, and the number of repeats varies from person to person. Let’s take an example: Person A’s DNA : ATGC Person B’s DNA : ATTGC The extra ‘T’ in Person B's sequence...

                                      Western Blotting Western blotting is a type of blotting which is used for identifying particular protein from a sample by using an antibody specific to that protein. This technique was developed by Towbin and his co-worker in 1979. This technique is also known by another name Immunoblot . In this method nitrocellulose and nylon, the membrane is used for blotting. Sometime Polyvinylidene fluoride is also used for blotting purposes. The probe used is an antibody to detect a specific protein. The positive signal indicates that the protein of interest is present in the given sample. The antibody is labeled with radioactive material so that it produces light after combining it with the enzymes. Detection -  Western blotting can be detected in two ways - Direct Detection -  Primary antibody which is made up of purifying the desired pro...

                                      Southern Blotting In molecular biology there are three techniques used for detecting DNA / RNA /protein ,  Southern blotting for DNA detection , Northern blotting for RNA detection and Western blotting for  detecting protein .  The term blotting is generally refers to the transferring of the   DNA /RNA / Protein into carrier like nylon membrane .  After blotting the transferred molecules are visualized by autoradiography , chromogenic detection method , silver staining method etc . This technique was developed by  Edwin Southern in 1975 . Procedure - The DNA is isolated from the cell of interest . Now the DNA is digested by restriction enzyme . Restriction enzyme cut the DNA molecules into desired fragments . The fragments are separated by agrose  gel electrophoresis into different size . The double s...