Whittaker's Five Kingdom Classification | Biology Blog

-

                                   Five Kingdom Classification

Whittaker's Five kingdom Classification Chart

Early biologists classified all species as either plants or animals. Since this method makes it difficult to research specific creatures, American taxonomist R.H. Whittaker created the five-kingdom classification in 1969. This system divides all organisms into groups based on how they are organized and how they are fed. Important standards for this classification include -
  • The complexity of cell structure i.e. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic.
  • The complexity of the Organisms body is Unicellular and Multicellular.
  • Mode of nutrition Autotrophs and Heterotrophs.
  • Lifestyle.
  • Phylogenetic Relationship.
Based on these criteria, Whittaker classified the living world into the following categories  -

  • Kingdom Monera                
  • Kingdom Protista
  • Kingdom Fungi
  • Kingdom Animalia
  • Kingdom Plantae 


Kingdom Monera -
  • Kingdom monera includes Prokaryotic Organisms.

  •   Their nutritional methods are different like they are autotrophs, heterotrophs, or chemoheterotrophs.

  •  They do not have a nuclear envelope.  

  • They do not have cell organelles like mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi body, endo plastic reticulum, etc.

  • With the help of asexual reproduction, they continue their species' existence.

  • Flagella is present for its locomotion.

Kingdom Protista-                
  • Protista includes eukaryotic organisms that neither can be divided into fungus, animals, or plants. 

  •    Nuclear envelope present. 

  •     Autotrophic in nutrition.

  • Mostly they are unicellular organisms but some are multicellular like kelp which provides shelter, oxygen, and nutrient to the underwater ecosystem. 

Kingdom Fungi -  
                                     
  • Fungi include eukaryotic organisms.

  •      Presence of nuclear envelope.

  •      Heterotrophic in nutrition.

  • The cell wall is made up of cellulose and chitin. 

  • They reproduce by both means asexual and sexual.
For more information also read - Kingdom Fungi  in detail


Kingdom Animalia -
  • They are multicellular organisms that do not possess chlorophyll in their body.

  •         Nuclear envelope present.

  •         Heterotrophic in nutrition.

  • They are eukaryotic organisms. 

  • They reproduce through sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction is present in some lower forms of animals.

  • Muscle cells are present in the body which do contract and relaxation in their body parts. 

Kingdom Plantae -

  •   They include Eukaryotic organisms.

  • They contain photosynthetic pigments in plastids. 

  • They are primarily non-motile and attached to the solid substrate for getting support.

  •     Nuclear envelope present. 

  •    They are autotrophic in nutrition.   

  • The mode of reproduction is asexual and sexual.
 
Whittaker Proposed 5 Kingdom Classification

Advantage Of Five Kingdom Classification-  
  • Prokaryotes differ from all other organisms in their cellular structure, physiology, biochemical, and reproduction processes. They have got a separate place as kingdom Monera in five kingdom classification.

  • All the unicellular and multicellular organisms are kept separate.

  • Similarly, autotrophs and heterotrophs are kept separate.

Disadvantages Of Five Kingdom Classification - There are so many advantages of classification although there are some shortcomings also -
  • There is no place for the virus in any five kingdoms.

  • Similar organisms whether they are unicellular or multicellular are kept apart like unicellular and multicellular algae. 

  • All organisms other than the monera show that they are polyphyletic in origin. 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Sycon Canal System With Diagram

-
Image
                                     Canal system in Sycon  A sea creature called a sycon, or scypha , is usually found clinging to rocks or other surfaces. These creatures have tube-shaped bodies that open outward with the help of a hole called an Osculum . They have tiny openings called Spiracles and Ostia all over their bodies to let water in. This water flows through canals inside their bodies and comes out through the Osculum, which is a larger opening used for breathing. We'll observe the shape of this canal system, why it is essential for those animals, type of canal system , and  its significance. The Sycon Type Canal system is the unique feature of the phylum Porifera . This system is also known as the  aquiferous canal system . This system supports the significant function of the body like nutrition, respiration, excretion, etc. History Overview -  Grant, a scientist from Scotland, spent a lot of time studying sponges. He was one of the first to really explain how t
Read more

How Many Types of Eggs In Animals

-
Image
                                             Types of Egg Hello guys! We'll examine a crucial area of zoology in this blog: different varieties of eggs. So let's define reproduction first before moving on to the subject. Reproduction is the biological process in which a parent is responsible to produce their offsprings which may be of their own kind. Reproduction is a must process for every individual for the continuing existence of the species. As we all know, there are many different species on the planet, and each of them has a unique method of egg production and inside the egg they contain yolk . The yolk is composed of proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, which are vital for the growth and development of the embryo.  Eggs can be classified into different types based on the amount of yolk they contain. l.  On the basis of the amount of Yolk - Depending on the quantity of yolks, eggs can be  Alecithal / Microlecithal / oligolecithal - The amount of yolk pr
Read more

Aurelia Aurita Life Cycle: Characterstics, Classification

-
Image
                                             Aurelia  Aurelia aurita is a type of zooplankton found all over the world. They are see-through and don't have eyes, brains, or hearts. They're usually between 2 to 15 inches wide. Even though they prefer being alone, they get carried together in groups called Blooms by wind and water currents. At night, they look like they're moving through the water like jellyfish, which is why they're sometimes called " jellyfish ".  They have four reproductive organs surrounded by tentacles in their top part. Their body color changes based on what they eat, so they can be blue, pink, or other colors. Let's learn more about Aurelia in detail. Details Of Aurelia Diagram -  Body : The center of the diagram would display the jellyfish's bell-shaped body, often called the " umbrella. " Tentacles : Below the bell, you'd see long, hair-like tentacles extending outward. Oral Arms : The oral arms are  used for
Read more