Biology Blogs For Class11th, 12th and NEET

                                    DNA Fingerprinting Good day, folks One of the most significant forensic science issues, DNA Fingerprinting, is one that we are discussing in this blog. What is fingerprinting ? Let's first define it. Fingerprinting - Almost every individual cell in our body contains DNA which is   99.9 % the same and the remaining .1 percentage is unique DNA which is different in every individual. This .1% is based on the VNTR sequence. The full form of VNTR is the variable number of tandem repeats . For getting a better understanding of it's let's take an example, A and B are two persons. A has a DNA sequence of ATGC while B has ATTGC.  The double number of T makes person B different from person A.     How to take a sample -  For creating DNA Fingerprinting the sample of DNA is collected, collated, and used to match another sample of DNA that may have been found at the scene of the crime.  This technique was developed by British geneticist Al

                                      Western Blotting Western blotting is a type of blotting which is used for identifying particular protein from a sample by using an antibody specific to that protein. This technique was developed by Towbin and his co-worker in 1979. This technique is also known by another name Immunoblot . In this method nitrocellulose and nylon, the membrane is used for blotting. Sometime Polyvinylidene fluoride is also used for blotting purposes. The probe used is an antibody to detect a specific protein. The positive signal indicates that the protein of interest is present in the given sample. The antibody is labeled with radioactive material so that it produces light after combining it with the enzymes. Detection -  Western blotting can be detected in two ways - Direct Detection -  Primary antibody which is made up of purifying the desired protein and then injecting the protein into an animal is used for detecting an antigen on the blot.  The pr

                                      Southern Blotting In molecular biology there are three techniques used for detecting DNA / RNA /protein ,  Southern blotting for DNA detection , Northern blotting for RNA detection and Western blotting for  detecting protein .  The term blotting is generally refers to the transferring of the   DNA /RNA / Protein into carrier like nylon membrane .  After blotting the transferred molecules are visualized by autoradiography , chromogenic detection method , silver staining method etc . This technique was developed by  Edwin Southern in 1975 . Procedure - The DNA is isolated from the cell of interest . Now the DNA is digested by restriction enzyme . Restriction enzyme cut the DNA molecules into desired fragments . The fragments are separated by agrose  gel electrophoresis into different size . The double stranded DNA  is denature into single strands by sodium hydroxide . The DNA fragments are transferred onto  membrane by capillary