Klinefelter (XXY )Syndrome - Causes , Symptoms

                                  Klinefelter Syndrome

This disorder is occurred due to the presence of additional presence of X chromosomes resulting in 44+ XXY type chromosome complement. This defect is due to the fusion of female gamete  ( A + XX ) with normal sperm (A+Y ) or normal egg (A+X ) with abnormal  ( A + XY). So these patients have 47 chromosomes instead of 46.  Generally the ratio of this disorder maybe  1 in 500 people.  The patients of this disorder have a high FSH hormone level and low androgen levels. Also, the chances of breast cancer and osteoporosis are increasing too much in males.

Discovery -  The disorder is discovered by H. F. Klinefelter in 1942.

Symptoms -

•            Infertility
  
  
•           Abnormal development of gonads
  
  
•          Mental retardedness
  
  
•        Hypogonadism ( error in the development of testes )
  
  
•         Gynecomastia ( female-like breast )
  
  
•         Weak bone development
  
  
•          High pitch voice (just like females )
  
  
•          Low energy level  

                 
                 
Diagnosis -  Karoytype diagnosis is a must in the diagnosis of KS. The presence of Barr's body confirms KS in males.

You may also like -  Jacob Syndrome  

                       

Top 8 science Books to get success in 10 th board

                                     Biology Book 

The top  listed book  that you should know about them for getting success in 10 th board ? 


Biology Book 1 

BiologyBook 2

Biology Book 3 

Biology Book 4  

Biology Book 5 

Biology Book 6 

Biology Book 7

Biology Book 8

Brown Algae - Classification, Characteristic features , Life Cycle

                                          Brown Algae 

Classification : -

Kingdom -  Chromista                          
Phylum -  Ochrophyta

Class -         Phaeophyceae 

Scientific Name - Phaeophyceae 


Commonly Called - Sargassum  Weed

Number Of Species -  1500 and mostly they are Marine.

Colour - The color may vary from brown to olive green. This is due to the presence of pigment Fucoxanthin and chlorophyll ( a, c ).

Characteristics -

• They are multicellular.
  
  
• They are capable to reproduce through vegetative reproduction (fragmentation ), asexual ( zoospore ), and sexual ( from isogamy to oogamy ).
  
  
• Laminarin and mannitol are present in it as a food material.
  
  
• They follow diplo-haplontic as well as a diplontic life cycle.
  
  
• Kelp is the largest algae among brown algae.
  
  
• The body is divided into stripe, blades, and bladder.
  
  
• Autotropic in nature.
  
  
• Presence of flagella at some point in life.
  
  
• The body contains a special organelle called Pyrenoids which works as to store and synthesize   starch 

Life Cycle -  Life cycle of most large kelp begins when a mature plant releases its spore directly into the water. The release of spore is directly related to the seasonal increase in daylight. These spores settle to a rocky bottom and begin to grow into haploid gametophyte plants, which immediately undergo sexual reproduction.
The embryo that is formed remains attached to the female gametophyte and is secreted to the bottom by a holdfast.

Benefit - Brown algae are a very good source of algin, a colloidal gel. The gel is used today in both; the baking and ice cream industry as a stabilizer. Algin is also found in toothpaste, bread, beer, and paint.

Rules of Vector Selection in Recombinant DNA Technology

                                   Vector

Vector are those DNA molecules which are capable of doing independent replication in the suitable host cell and into which the desired DNA segment can be inserted. The main example of vector are: plasmid, cosmid, phage and virus.

Properties of vector for Recombinant DNA technology-

It's isolation and purification should be simple and easy.

It should be easily inserted into host cells.

The size should not be less than 10 KB

They should always contain selectable marker gene.

They should contain specific endonuclease enzyme.

They should have appropriate reporter gene, so that transformed host cell can easily be identified.

Biology 12th class Question Bank : Part 4

                                         Sheet -4 

1. Draw a well labelled diagram of  male reproductive system .
   
2. Write a short note on Algal Bloom .
   
3. Write a case study of plastic waste by Ahmed Khan , Bangalore .
   
4. Light on Ramesh Chandra Dagar case .
   
5. Write a short note on Parturition .
   
6. Explain sex determination in honey bee .
   
7. Write difference between Hemophilia and sickle cell anemia .
   
8. Explain the artificial method of insulin production .
   
9. Write about the strategy  used for pest resistance plants through RNA interference
   
10. Write the full form of IVF .
    
11. Write the difference between active immunity and passive immunity . 
    
12. Draw a well labelled diagram of Antibody .
    
13. Write a note on microbes used in bio gas plant .
    
14. Explain Miller Experiment .
    
15. Draw a well labelled diagram of female reproductive system .