Biology Blogs For Class11th, 12th and NEET

                                            Fertilization  In Angiosperm , fertilization or syngamy  is the process of interaction  of two opposite gamete for the formation of  the zygote  which  later develops into an embryo .   After fertilization the ovule forms the seed while ovary converts into fruit . Process -   The   pollen grain   of the flower flow through the  air or attached to the   insects and reach  to the flower . This pollen grain  starts to germinate on the stigma of the female gametophyte and the pollen tube arises to develop through the style and reach to the ovule of the embryo sac . This pollen tube contains  two cells ; generative cells and vegetative cells . The vegetative cells have a reserved food material through which generative cell mature and divides.  Later on changed into  two male gamete cells .  Now , the pollen tube enters into the  embryo sac through the micropyle region into one of the  synergid cells by  penetrating the filiform appa

                       Process Of Megasporogenesis In Angiosperm In the previous blog, we had talked about how Archesporial cell meiotically divides and form four haploid cell arranged in a linear manner.  Now out of the four cells, only one is functional while the other three degenerate. This is known as monosporic development.  One functional megaspore will give rise to the  female gametophyte .  Now let's go in more detail. The functional megaspore will now start to divide mitotically and form two nuclei which start to move in the opposite direction where they form two nucleate embryo sac. Now the resulted two nuclei again divide by mitotic division and in this way, there is a formation of four nucleate and on further it divides more to becomes 8 nucleate of the embryo sac. These 8 nucleate cells arranged in so well manner to form female gametophyte. Out of the eight nuclei, six nuclei covered by a cell wall and organized to form cells and the remaining two are

                                    Megasporogenesis            This is the formation of megaspore through integuments ovule. Below the epidermis layer of the ovule, some cell continues to grow, out of this cell one cell enlarge known as Archesporial Cell or megaspore mother cell. This Archesporial cell meiotically divides to form four haploid megaspore cells, arranged in a linear fashion. Before this I want to familiarize you with Ovule Structure, this makes a further understanding of the process easy for you. Ovule Structure - The typical ovule is originated from the placenta of the ovary which is small in structure and attached to the placenta by a stalk-like structure   Funicle . The area where the funicle and ovule fuses are known as Hilum .  On the outer side, two protective layers are present having a function to provide protection of the ovule, outer integument, and inner integument.   There is one opening present at the region where inner integument arches o

                                    Pollen Grains   What is Pollen Grain - A very minute spherical structure present on the flower representing male gametophyte is known as Pollen Grains .  Pollen Grains are the medium for fertilization i.e., the tiny body is swirling in the air and attach to the female part and promote pollination. Pollen  Grains are approximately  25-50 micrometers in diameter. Structure  -   Pollen has the outstanding feature of two-layered walls made in such a way that it shows a variety of patterns and at the same time also represents consistency in organization and chemistry.  The outer layer is known as Exine ,  divided into two subparts, exine sexine, and exine nexin while    The inner layer is thin and made up of cellulose and pectin known as Intine.   Some chemicals are present on the outer wall of the pollen grains called   Sporopollenin  which is one of the most resistant organic material and is thought to be responsible for the preservat

                                      Top  10 Biology Books Hello friends ,  Are you looking for the best biology book to get success in    class 12th ?       Friends , here I am suggesting you the top 10 biology book which you can buy from flipkart , with this I am also providing you direct link so its very easy for  you people to purchase .     Biology Class XII 1 Edition  (English, NCERT)  :  http://fkrt.it/n3suH2NNNN Biology Class XII Edition (English , NCERT ) : http://fkrt.it/nbpio2NNNN Biology Class XII ( English ,CBSE ) :  http://fkrt.it/nqRQA2NNNN Biology Class XII (English ,CBSE /NCERT )  :   http://fkrt.it/nitBz2NNNN Biology Class XII ( English ,  CBSE /NCERT ) :  http://fkrt.it/n~6eT2NNNN Biology Class XII Edition 2  ( English , CBSE ) :  http://fkrt.it/n~F!L2NNNN Biology Class XII Edition 2018 ( English , CBSE ) : http://fkrt.it/ntdDN2NNNN Biology Class XII (English , NCERT ) :  http://fkrt.it/Kh947LuuuN Biology Class XII (English , CBSE ) :

                                        Angiosperms What is Angiosperm - Angiosperms ( flowering plants ) are the most advanced type of land plants having almost different sizes and shapes of a plant, it can be either small or it can be large also like Wolffia ( smaller ) and eucalyptus (large).  The ovule and the pollen grain are enclosed in a flower and the seed is enclosed in the fruit of these plants.  I f we talk about its usefulness, then it does not only provide food but also provides medicines ,  fodder, fuel,  paper, and several other commercial products. Life Cycle of Angiosperm -    The development of these plant is just like an animal that begins from a fertilized egg (sexual reproduction ) and converts into an embryo having a polarised organization, for example, its apical portion develop to from shoot, middle one into the stem and basal portion  form root of the plant .     L.S. Of Flower      Sexual reproduction consists of two ways - sporophytic (

                                        Oocyte Structure The egg or ovum is large in size as compared to the male sperm. It is non-motile and contains food in the form of yolk, glycogen, and protein. The ovum is composed of the following parts - Plasmalemma Primary membranes Secondary membranes.  Plasmalemma - It is the outer layer of the egg made up of lipoprotein. It is also known as the plasma membrane. This layer is 110 angstrom in thickness. Primary membranes - In certain reptiles and coelenterate another egg membrane is also presently known as a primary or secondary membrane. It is secreted around the plasma membrane by the follicle cells of the ovary itself. In birds, molluscs, insects, this membrane is called by vitelline membrane while in mammals it is known as Zona pellucida . This vitelline membrane is made up of fibrous protein and mucoproteins. The plasma membrane and vitelline membrane are separated by some space known as Perivitelline space . Sec

                                             Types of Egg Hello guys! We'll examine a crucial area of zoology in this blog: different varieties of eggs. So let's define reproduction first before moving on to the subject. Reproduction is the biological process in which a parent is responsible to produce their offsprings which may be of their own kind. Reproduction is a must process for every individual for the continuing existence of the species. As we all know, there are many different species on the planet, and each of them has a unique method of egg production and inside the egg they contain yolk . The yolk is composed of proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, which are vital for the growth and development of the embryo.  Eggs can be classified into different types based on the amount of yolk they contain. l.  On the basis of the amount of Yolk - Depending on the quantity of yolks, eggs can be  Alecithal / Microlecithal / oligolecithal - The amount of yolk pr