How HIV Virus Replicate To Cause Immunodeficiency: Biology Blog

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                                               HIV/ AIDS 




HIV virus is generally a human Immunodeficiency virus that is the dangerous virus that attacks the immune system of the human and affects the fighter cells of the body (lymphocytes cells). The person suffered from this disease is more vulnerable to sickness. This disease is dangerous because someone can be unknowingly transferred to the other and the symptom of the disease appear after so many times. Although there are some medications available for inhibiting the spreads and lifespan of the sick person however still there is no cure for HIV.

Modes Of Transmission -  having Sexual Intercourse with more than one person.
                                            Sharing blood/blood products
                                            Sharing the same needle
                                            From infected mother to the child   


Symptoms -
 Replication Cycle -   


  • The HIV virus attacks the macrophages cells in the human body.    
  • RNA(the genetic material of virus) is replicated to form viral DNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase.                                                                                                                           
  • Viral DNA  now gets incorporated into the host cell's DNA and directs the infected cells to produce viruses.
  • Macrophages continue to produce virus particles and function as HIV factories.
  • The virus particles enter helper T-lymphocytes in the blood, where they continue to replicate and produce viral progenies.
  • The number of T-lymphocytes progressively decreases in the body of the infected person.
  • With the decrease in the number of T-cells, the immunity also decreases. The person is unable to produce an immune response even against common bacteria like mycobacteria, parasites like toxoplasma, viruses, and fungi.  
Test -   ELISA test is conducted for the confirmation of the disease in which the blood sample of the sick person is taken and analyzed. The full form of ELISA is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Prevention Measure for HIV -   There are certain measures by which we can prevent people from this virus-like,  With the help of various NGOs educating the people about the disease, ensuring the use of disposable syringe or needles,   by free distribution of condoms, etc.                                                                                                           


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