Skeletal System Parts & Function With Diagram | Biology Blog

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                                       Skeletal System 



In the human being, the skeletal system is consist of a framework of bones and cartilage which provide protection to the soft tissues and cell that is embedded in our body. In an adult, human, have a total number of 206 bones found in ts body. There are two types of Skeletal systems found in the human body known as endoskeleton and exoskeleton. The exoskeleton is ectodermal in origin formed outside the body and is non-living whereas endoskeleton is mesodermal in origin formed inside the body and it is living by nature.   During early embryonic development the endoskeleton is made up of notochord and cartilage but later on, this notochord is replaced by the vertebral column, and cartilage is replaced by bones.

The skeletal system is grouped into two principal divisions - Axial Skeleton and Appendicular Skelton.
Skeletal System | Biology Blog










Axial Skelton -  Axial Skeleton is comprised of 80 bones distributed along the main axis of the body.

The skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs constitute an axial skeleton. 

Axial Skeleton | Biology Blog



  • The skull is composed of two sets of bones - cranial and facial, that total to 22 bones.

  • Cranial bones are 8 in number ( frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, ethmoid, and sphenoid ). They form the hard protective structure covering cranium for the brain.

  • The cavity of the sphenoid bone is called sella turcica in which the pituitary gland is present.

  • The facial region is made up of 14 bones ( inferior turbinals -2, vomer - 1, mandible -1, maxilla- 2, zygomatic - 2, nasal-2, palatine - 2, lacrymal- 2 ) which form the front part of the skull.

  • A single U shaped bone is presently known as Hyoid Bone at the base of the buccal cavity which is not attached to any other bone of the body.

  • The tongue is attached to the hyoid bone. 
  • The middle ear consists of 3 tiny bones - malleus, incus, and stapes, collectively known as Ear Ossicles. The joint between  Malleus and Incus is called Hinge Joint and between Incus and Stapes is called the Ball and Socket Joint. 


Vertebral column - There are 26 serially arranged vertebrae that are found which are placed dorsally. This vertebra extends to form the base of the skull and form the main framework of the trunk. The vertebral column protects the spinal cord, support the head and saves as the point of attachment for the ribs and musculature of the back.
Vertebral Column | Biology Blog

Sternum - Sternum is a long flat bone locate din the central part of the chest.  it connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front part of the cartilage.  The function of the Sternum is to protect the delicate organs of the body like the Liver, Lungs, and heart.

Ribs -  In human there are 12 pairs of ribs are present in the ribcage. the first seven pairs of the ribs are called True Ribs. they are attache dorsally to the thoracic vertebrae and ventrally to the sternum with the help of hyaline cartilage. These ribs are called Veretebrosternal ribs. The 8th, 9th, and 10th pairs of ribs do not articulate directly with the sternum but join the seventh rib with the help of hyaline cartilage. These are called False Ribs.

Appendicular Skeleton -  the bones of the limb along with their girdles constitute the Appendicular skeleton. 


  • Each limb is made up of 30 bones.
  • The bones of the hand are humerus, radius, ulna, and carpals.
  • the phalangeal formula is 23333.

  • The femur thigh bone is the longest, sharpest, and heaviest bone of the body. Along with the femur, tibia, and fibula, tarsals, metatarsal, and phalanges are the bone of the legs.

  • The phalangeal formula is 23333.

  • A cup-shaped bone called patella covers the knee ventrally ( knee cap ).  

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