How Neurons Are Formed : Biology Blog

                                    Structure Of Neuron

All animals have a very important functional neural system in their body which is comprised of highly specialized cells called Neurons which can detect, receive and transmit different kinds of stimuli. Every neuron is made up of a cell body and cell process (Dendron and axon ).                                                   

• Cell Body or Cyton -   It contains uninucleated cytoplasm. Except for centriole, all cell organelles are found in the cytoplasm . The centriole is absent in the nerve cell thus cell division is absent .
• Nissl's granules - Endoplasmic Reticulum and ribosomes form granules like structures called Nissl's Granules.

• Cell Process -  

1. Dendron - The fine branches like structure extend out from the neuron is called dendrites . Some receptors are also present on it which receive the stimuli and produce Centripetal Conduction. The number of dendrites on neurons may vary.
2. Axon - It is the longest cell process of cyton . axon is covered by Axolemma . The terminal end is a button shape called Synaptic Knob. Each branch of Axon terminates on a  Synaptic Knob having  Neurotransmitter. Axon is covered by a layer of a phospholipid called Myelin Sheath . Myelin Sheath is covered by  thin cell membrane called Schwann Cells. Some gaps are found between the myelin sheath called Nodes of Ranvier.

Types Of Neurons - 

• Unipolar -  It is a single process arises from the cyton. It can be seen in the nervous system of the embryo.
• Bipolar -The two process arises from the cyton. It is found in the retina of our eyes. 
• Multipolar - The neuron which has one axon but many dendrons, just like most of the neurons of our body.