Hybridoma Technology

Hybridoma Technology is the technology in which hybrid cells are produced by fusing a specific antibody producing B-cell with myeloma cell . The process start by injecting a specific antigen into a mouse and collect the antibodies producing cell from the spleen and fuse with the myeloma cells . Both of this fusing partner give hybrid cell known as Hybridoma cells . Now these cells are transferred to a medium in which the myeloma cells die , but the hybridomas survive . Therefore these cells are transferred into HAT medium and aminopterin are also added . The work of aminopterin is to block de novo synthesis . Normally the cells are survive in this medium but if the cell are unable to produce the HGPRT medium then they are unable to use de novo pathway and die in aminopterin containing medium . After fusion of lymphocytes with HGPRT - negative myeloma cells in an aminopterin containing medium which is supplemented with hypoxanthine and thymidine to ensure sufficient supply of substrate for the salvage pathway is added which kills myeloma cells but allow hybridomas to survive and in this way monoclonal antibodies are produced .

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Sycon Canal System With Diagram

Canal system in Sycon A sea creature called a sycon, or scypha , is usually found clinging to rocks or other surfaces. These creatures have tube-shaped bodies that open outward with the help of a hole called an Osculum . They have tiny openings called Spiracles and Ostia all over their bodies to let water in. This water flows through canals inside their bodies and comes out through the Osculum, which is a larger opening used for breathing. We'll observe the shape of this canal system, why it is essential for those animals, type of canal system , and its significance. The Sycon Type Canal system is the unique feature of the phylum Porifera . This system is also known as the aquiferous canal system . This system supports the significant function of the body like nutrition, respiration, excretion, etc. History Overview - Gran...

Whittaker's Five Kingdom Classification | Biology Blog

Five Kingdom Classification Early biologists classified all species as either plants or animals. Since this method makes it difficult to research specific creatures, American taxonomist R.H. Whittaker created the five-kingdom classification in 1969. This system divides all organisms into groups based on how they are organized and how they are fed. Important standards for this classification include - The complexity of cell structure i.e. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic. The complexity of the Organisms body is Unicellular and Multicellular. Mode of nutrition Autotrophs and Heterotrophs. Lifestyle. Phylogenetic Relationship. Based on these criteria, Whittaker classified the living world into the following categories - Kingdom Monera Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia Ki...

Aurelia Aurita Life Cycle: Characterstics, Classification

Aurelia Aurelia aurita is a type of zooplankton found all over the world. They are see-through and don't have eyes, brains, or hearts. They're usually between 2 to 15 inches wide. Even though they prefer being alone, they get carried together in groups called Blooms by wind and water currents. At night, they look like they're moving through the water like jellyfish, which is why they're sometimes called " jellyfish ". They have four reproductive organs surrounded by tentacles in their top part. Their body color changes based on what they eat, so they can be blue, pink, or other colors. Let's learn more about Aurelia in detail. Details Of Aurelia Diagram - Body : The center of the diagram would display the jellyfish's bell-shaped body, often called the " umbrella. " Tentacles : Below the bell, you'd see lon...

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