Biology Blogs For Class 11th, 12th & NEET

                               Watson and Crick Model of DNA      In 1953 Watson and Crick devised DNA model . DNA is the genetic material found in all living organisms like plants , animals , prokaryote and many virus . In eukaryotes DNA is found in the form of chromosome inside the nucleus but in mitochondria ,plastid and prokaroytes have circular DNA . According to Watson and Crick DNA consist of two polynucleotide chain or strands . These strands are always anti parallel . In each polynucleotide chain the phosphate molecule lie on the outer side of the deoxyribose sugar & nitrogen base inward . The nitrogen bases of the two strands are linked together with the help of hydrogen bonds. In DNA molecule base pairing is very specific . Purine always pair with pyrimidine (A=T) . In the DNA molecule the two strands are twisted around each other and form a double helix around a...

                              Reproduction in Living Organisms   There are wide range  of living organisms present on the earth . Every individual have different morphology , structure but the process of continuation of the species is the same .  Did you guess what is the process for continuation of species -  it is the  Reproduction , a very important process of for living organisms living on the earth  in which an organisms give rise to offspring which is similar to itself . The offspring again follow the same cycle of their parent i.e that is they grow ,  mature and reproduce and in this way there is a cycle of birth , growth and death . Method of Reproduction -  Reproduction enable the continuity of the species , generation after generation .  There are basically two type of reproduction used by the living organisms . The Asexual Reproduction  which...

                                       Golgi  Complex The Golgi body is a membrane-bound organelle found in all the eukaryotic cells except RBCs. They remain scattered in the cytoplasm and called dictyosomes but in an animal cell they are localized. Camello Golgi in the year 1898 discovered it from the nerve cell of the cat and named it Golgi after discovery. It plays a significant role in the synthesis of large molecules of complex carbohydrates. Golgi Complex is also known by another name Lipchondria, Idiosome, Dalton Complex, and Golgi Apparatus. Also, refer - Golgi body Role Of Golgi Complex  -   Golgi Complex is responsible for transporting and packaging of protein & lipid molecules into vesicles for delivery to the target destination.   Origin -  It is believed that Golgi Body arises from the vesicle of the endoplasmic reticulum....

                                          Chromosome Chromosomes are thread-like structures found inside the nucleus of every cell. These structures play a crucial role in heredity , which is why they are often called the carriers of heredity . The word “Chromosome” comes from two Greek words: Chroma – meaning color Soma – meaning body Chromosomes are usually present in pairs , and their number varies among different organisms : Humans have 23 pairs (46 chromosomes) Elephants have 28 pairs Cats have 19 pairs These chromosomes carry genetic material in the form of DNA , which is passed on from one generation to the next. Structure Of Chromosomes -   In 1888 W. Waldeyer called  this thread like structure a Chromosome as they could be stained with the help of stains like acetocarmine , acetoorcein etc . The structure of chromosome are c...

                                           Irrigation The word Irrigation is refereed as the water system which is supplied in the agriculture farms to irrigate crops . we know that agriculture is very important need of the life as you can get the important source of energy for your body . Irrigation system also used to grow crops ,  protecting the plant from  frost and also for  preventing soil conservation . If their is  insufficient  raining in the region which is not enough for crops or plants to grow   then this type of system is used and to achieve this , irrigation system is properly designed , planned . Need For Irrigation -   There are some reasons for necessity of irrigation - We know that the population of India is increasing day by day and so as the need of food . There fore it is very essential to irrigate plants ...

                                               PCR What Is PCR -    PCR is Polymerase Chain Reaction used for making million copy of particular section of DNA . In 1983 Kary Mullis developed this technique used in variety of application like in medical case , criminal case , in diagnosis of genetic diseases and so on . For this work Mullis awarded  by Noble prize in 1993 . PCR is rapid , inexpensive and simple way of copying of DNA fragments by using smaller quantity of source of DNA material   PCR Tools  - PCR can not be accomplish without this key tool -        Template DNA         Nucleotides ( dATP , dCTP , dGTP , dTTP )         Primer         Taq Polymerase Enzyme          Buffer  for stability of DNA polymeras...

                                    DNA Fingerprinting Good day, biology enthusiasts! In this blog, we're diving into one of the most groundbreaking advancements in forensic science — DNA Fingerprinting . But before we explore its application, let’s understand what it actually means. What is DNA Fingerprinting? DNA Fingerprinting is a technique used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA profile. Interestingly, about 99.9% of the DNA in every human being is identical . However, it's the remaining 0.1% that makes every individual genetically unique. This uniqueness is determined by sequences called VNTRs – Variable Number of Tandem Repeats . VNTRs are short sequences of DNA that repeat multiple times in a row, and the number of repeats varies from person to person. Let’s take an example: Person A’s DNA : ATGC Person B’s DNA : ATTGC The extra ‘T’ in Person B's sequence...